Square waves, or cross seas, form a mesmerizing checkerboard pattern on the oceanās surface but pose significant risks to swimmers.
Natureās beauty often conceals hidden dangers, and square waves, also known asĀ cross seas, are a prime example. These mesmerizing checkerboard patterns on the oceanās surface captivate observers but can be perilous for those in the water.
Square waves occur when two wave systems intersect at angles greater than 45 degrees, or when wind-driven waves collide with swells moving in a different direction. This interaction creates a grid-like appearance on the waterās surface. While visually stunning, these conditions generate powerful currentsĀ that areĀ treacherous for swimmers and challenging for vessels to navigate.
The European Space Agency notedĀ inĀ 2010 that such conditions are common in theĀ ocean, occurring when multiple swell systems coexist. A 2004 study highlighted thatĀ a significant percentage ofĀ ship accidents happened in crossing sea states, underscoring the hazards square waves present.
One notable location where square waves are observed is the Ćle de RĆ© along Franceās western coast. Tourists can safely view this phenomenon from a lighthouse on the island, as entering the water during such conditions is extremely dangerous.
For a visual explanation of this natural phenomenon, you can watch the following video:
